Ayurveda the “science of life” is a holistic  alternative science which teaches us to adopt nature’s rhythm in our daily  living. Ayus means 
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       Ayurveda (pronounced Aa-yer-vay-da), said to be a world  medicine, is the most holistic or comprehensive medical system available. Before  the arrival of writing, the ancient wisdom of healing, prevention, and longevity  was a part of spiritual tradition of a universal religion.[1] 
Ayurveda  or the Veda of life is the world’s oldest known medical science originating in  
India over five thousand years ago  and forming the foundation for all other others. There are similar parallels to  this science of life in Buddhism, Taoism, Tibetan, American Indian and other  cultural medicines. The written document of this science is the Vedas. 
The knowledge of Áyurveda  was handed down from Brahmá to Daksha Prajápati, onto the Ashwin twins (the  divine doctors), then passed to Indra. Sage Bharadvája volunteered to go to  heaven to receive this wisdom from Indra, and so became the first human to  receive the knowledge of Áyurveda. He  passed it to Átreya, then onto Punarnavasu and finally Agnivesha.[2] 
This science acknowledges the truth of the  cosmos, which is that human beings are the miniature or mirco/extension  of the universe. Human being has consciousness and is connected to the  cosmic soul. Also, every other living and non-living thing is connected directly  or indirectly with each other in the universe through five basic elements  through cosmic soul. Everything in this universe is acting and reacting with  each other thing in it, in one way or another. The elements are therefore the  building blocks of life.
      The creation principle  developed five essential elements—or building blocks that all life forms  contain: ether, air, fire, water, and earth. We can easily see how life was  created from the subtlest to the grossest matter. From eternity, the subtlest  form of matter is ether. Ether mixing with eternity creates air, a more  observable or experiential element. As air moves, it eventually creates  friction, which creates heat or fire. Heat produces moisture, thus creating  water, the densest element yet: if one tries to walk through water, one is  slowed by its density. Finally, water produces the densest form of matter,  earth. The Vedas say that all of the creation, including humans, is made up of  combinations of all five essential elements. These elements are the subtlest  aspects of human life, finer than the molecular, atomic, or subatomic levels.[3] 
Ayurveda is the science which focuses on the  “veda” or knowledge. The science focuses on discovery of truth and  establishes that the body, mind and consciousness are in constant interaction  and relationship with all living beings and nature. Ayurveda imparted  this profound knowledge to the world without reservations or sanctions and also  accepted new ideas from others with broad and open  mind.
Ayurveda is a well balanced medical science.  It teaches how to maintain a perfect healthy condition It also describes the  ways and means to prevent various diseases. Then it turns to the diagnosis and  treatment of various diseases with a holistic and personalized approach which  are unique to Ayurveda. Holistic medicine is defined  as:
Holistic medicine is a  system of health care which fosters a cooperative relationship among all those  involved, leading towards optimal attainment of the physical, mental emotional,  social and spiritual aspects of health.
It emphasizes the need to look at  the whole person, including analysis of physical, nutritional, environmental,  emotional, social, spiritual and lifestyle values. It encompasses all stated  modalities of diagnosis and treatment including drugs and surgery if no safe  alternative exists. Holistic medicine focuses on education and responsibility  for personal efforts to achieve balance and well being.[4] 
While diagnosing the constitution  (dosha) the mental make-up is also taken into consideration with the  signs and symptoms of the disease. The disease may be the same but the diet  style, life style, detox-therapy, rejuvenation, herbal therapy, aromatherapy and  sound therapy vary according the constitution and mental characteristics of the  patient. There are three constitutions or doshas and they are summarized  as:
in creation are the three  doshas, or constitutions,in the human body: 
Váyu (or Váta), Pitta,and Kapha.  Váyu may be understood as nerve force, electro-motor, physical activity or that,  which is responsible for motion. It is commonly called air. The root, ‘va’ means  to spread. In Western terms, it is the electricity setting the organism into  motion, maintaining the equilibrium between Pitta and Kapha  (inerts).
Pitta relates to internal fire,  bile, body heat, digestive enzymes, physio-chemical, biological, metabolic and  endocrine systems. It is responsible for digesting the chyle into a protoplasmic  substance like sperm and ovum.
Kapha fills the intercellular  spaces of the body as connective tissue. Examples of these tissues include  mucus, synovial fluid, and tendons. Kapha is responsible for the gross structure  of the body (solid and liquid/phlegm-plasma). Each person is made up of a  combination of these elements.
Together, the doshas are  responsible for catabolic and anabolic metabolism. Catabolism breaks down  complex internal bodies, and Váyu (air energy) sets this energy free into  simpler waste. Anabolism takes food and builds it into more complex bodies. The  summit of the metabolic process is protoplasm or essential matter [proteins,  carbohydrates, lipids, and inorganic salts]. Lifeless food becomes living  protoplasm and is set free as useful energy or excess heat or motion that is  emitted from the body. Thus, the purpose of the three doshas is to move  the lymph chyle (the by-product of digested foods) throughout the body. This  nourishes and builds the body tissues. When any or all of the doshas  develop imbalance, the body ceases to be nourished, and disease develops.  The three doshas (Váyu, Pitta, Kapha) exist throughout the entire body,  in every cell, yet are predominant (their sites of origin) in the colon, small  intestine, and stomach, respectively.[5] 
Ayurveda is the first medical science in the  world which knew the importance of mind in maintaining perfect health. Ayurveda  also understood the vital role of mind as etiological factor in creation of a  disease and at the same time it can be a useful means of curing a disease.  Ayurveda determined the inseparable unity of mind and body. Ayurveda believes in  the existence of spiritual dimension of human being. It states the principal of  ‘Jivatma and Parmatma’ consciousness and cosmic soul and asserts further  that the human soul, which is the center of vitality of human life, is a part of  the cosmic soul. The human soul originates from the cosmic soul at the time of  birth and ends in the cosmic soul in death. The soul is the fountain of  tremendous energy which can be tapped and utilized by specific preventive and  curative instrument in medical therapeutics.
Ayurveda holds that  all non-living or inanimate objects in the universe are created by combining in  various ways the minute indivisible particles of earth, water, energy, air and  space. So also, all living creatures from microbes to men originate from the  combinations in various ways, of the same indivisible particles of the five  primordial with mind an unit souls.
 [1] Swami Sada Shiva Tirtha, The Ayurveda Encyclopedia, p. 3[2] Swami Sada Shiva Tirtha, The Ayurveda Encyclopedia, p.  XV
  [3] Swami Sada Shiva Tirtha, The Ayurveda Encyclopedia, p.  13   [4]  http://www.holisticmed.com/whatis.html   [5] Swami Sada Shiva Tirtha, The Ayurveda Encyclopedia, p.  14-16